You know how marvellous our earth and the surrounding space. Day by day, the number of investigations is increasing. And the observations and the number of observed objects increases. I wish to tell you about a recent mission. There is another spacecraft of NASA that finished its space journey, and that returned to earth again. Today I am telling you about that. Until now NASA had launched many other space vehicles. This is also one of those many other space vehicles. Now we can see the purpose, development, main achievement, design and additional description about this spacecraft. Now I can start that description.
You know that this project was designed by NASA. Therefore I thought to tell you about NASA even. It could be helpful for you.
NASA
As you know, this is a leading American company that is in the space vehicle field. As in the above mentioned, there are many NASA’ s space vehicles such as starship, rockets and space crew vehicles. Do you know what is meant by NASA? I think you know, but I’ll mention that here. NASA is for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. In simply this is the government agency responsible for Aeronautics and aerospace research. This was formed on the 29th of July 1958. This is the company that supported the Apollo moon landing. Skylab project is some significant projects by NASA. In other than that NASA is supporting the crew vehicle designs of the International Space Station.
Missions
You know that, the NASA us following a very well improved technology because of that they had succeeded in inventing of space vehicles using robotic technology. A very suitable example for that is the New horizon mission. NASA had designed various projects to investigate the sun, the moon, the solar system and space. STEREO, Ulysses, parker solar probe, dynamic solar observatory are some missions to the sun, LADEE and lunar reconnaissance orbiter are some designed space missions to the moon while NEAR Shoemaker, ORISIS – REx and the deep impact are the mission to the solar system. In other than that NASA mainly focused on the asteroids and meteorites too. I told you that NASA is using the latest technology. NASA is using the multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator. Do you know what is that? This is a radioisotope thermoelectric generator.
Eco-friendly rockets 
There is another thing that has to mentioned here definitely. It is that NASA is following environmentally friendly methods when they are making space vehicles. You know that some of the harmful gases can be produced with the rocket propulsion system. These are produced through the rocket propellants. Hydrazine is one of that type of fuel. Therefore NASA had followed another way to minimise the environmental pollution by these types of gases. Then they started to use less harmful gases like xenon to the engines. Then this was the first organisation that uses landfill gas to produce energy at one of its facilities.
Finally, I have to tell you about the future plans for NASA. They planned to land people on the moon, to make an international space station and to create spacecraft. I think surely they will do it in the future.
This is all about the production company. Now we will see the space shuttle.
Orion spacecraft 
You know that this is a crew vehicle. Therefore this made out to ටtransfer crew to the outer space. This is known as the Orion multipurpose crew vehicle. Through this spacecraft there are about 2 or 6 crew members can be transported to space. This is under development at the time period if August 2019. Do you know the manufacturer of this spacecraft?
It is the famous Lockheed Martin airbus defence and space. The length of this spacecraft is about 10 feet and 10 inches. And the diameter of this is about 16 feet and 6 inches. This is a multi-functional spacecraft. There are three different versions of this capsule on the 5th of December 2014 the designing of this multi-functional crew space vehicle.
Design
This is the same as the space rocket that took a man to land on the moon first. But there is an updated thermal protection system and increased diameter too. But Orion’s crew module is larger than the Apollo’ s crew module. In other than that Orion’s crew module can support more crew members. This supports long-time space missions. This has active 21 days of crew time, and there is a six-month space life. This includes both crew and service modules. As well as that there is a spacecraft adaptor.
There is another important thing about this crew vehicle. It is a reusable rocket. NASA had selected Av coat ablator system for this crew vehicle. Silica fibres with the resin of honeycomb made of fibreglass and phenolic resin are the constituents in the Avocat. This is initially used to make the crew vehicle of Apollo mission. Very well developed water management facilities, the autodock features are included in this too. There is a developed computer too when comparing with the other crew vehicles. The Crewe module built up using the alloy that mixed aluminium and the lithium. Parachutes made up using Nomex cloth. As well as that there is a Launch Escape system with a “Boost protective cover “. It is made to reduce the impact stresses on the crew vehicle. It is made with fibreglass. In 2019 it had planned to use spacecraft atmospheric monitor to crew vehicle. NASA has the intention to upgrade this with the available latest technology. In other than that NASA decided to send this crew vehicle to Mars in about 2030.
And,
There ATV derived module selected to the Orion MCPV as a service module. Then I have to tell you about the launch abort system definitely. The launch abort system planned to separate from the crew module using three solid rocket motors. They are the abort motor, an attitude control motor and a jettison motor. There are three functions by these motors they are as follows.
- The jettison motor functioned as help to separate the launch abort system from the crew vehicle.
- Abort motor functioned as a trust that needed to accelerate the crew vehicle.
- The attitude control motor is functioned as to point the abort motor.
These are the three functions of the above three parts. As I told above, NASA pays its attention extraordinarily to the environmental effects. Therefore they tested the effect by this crew vehicle to the environment.
Environmental test
They performed its environmental test from 2007 to 2011. It is at the Glenn research centre plum book stations in Sandusky, Ohio. This space power facility is the world largest vacuum chamber. The final launch abort system test was completed on the 30th of March 2019. Then the 2nd of July 2019 the crew vehicle Orion launched successfully from the spaceport Florida launch complex 46. As well as that this has a time period of 3 minutes and 13 seconds.
Now I would like to tell you some past launching of this crew vehicle.
On the 5th of December 2014 Orion crew vehicle launched atop a Delta IV Heavy rocket for its first test flights. But actually, this has no one as crew members. Through this test flight, it investigates about Orion’s heat shield, parachutes, jettisoning components and the onboard computers. In here the NASA engineers used solar electric propulsion.
Then this is the end of this description. I wrote this because this arrived at Ohio for the testing recently. You can get to know more about this in the future. As well as that we can see Orion crew vehicle is transporting the crew members to space.
